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1.
Rev. esp. patol ; 50(4): 247-252, oct.-dic. 2017. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-166042

RESUMO

El liposarcoma pleomórfico es un sarcoma de alto grado que ocurre generalmente en la sexta-séptima décadas de la vida, afecta principalmente a partes blandas profundas de las extremidades inferiores y muestra una amplia variedad de patrones morfológicos, por lo que puede confundirse con otras lesiones tanto adipocíticas como no adipocíticas. La identificación definitiva de lipoblastos pleomórficos, que pueden ser muy escasos, es un requisito indispensable para el diagnóstico, por lo que es recomendable un muestreo amplio del tumor (AU)


Pleomorphic liposarcoma is a high grade sarcoma occurring generally in the sixth to seventh decades of life and mainly affects the deep soft tissue of the lower extremities. As it can show a wide variety of morphologic patterns, it may be confused with other adipocytic and non adipocytic lesions. Definitive identification of pleomorphic lipoblasts is indispensable for diagnosis; however, as they can be very scarce, extensive sampling of the tumor is recommended (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Lipossarcoma/diagnóstico , Lipossarcoma/patologia , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/patologia , Biologia Molecular/métodos , Antígenos CD34/análise , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Hipertensão/complicações , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único , Diagnóstico Diferencial
2.
Rev. esp. patol ; 49(4): 239-242, oct.-dic. 2016. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-155904

RESUMO

El tumor híbrido de vaina de nervio periférico es una neoplasia mesenquimal benigna de la que se han publicado pocos casos, que ha sido incluida recientemente en la clasificación de la OMS de partes blandas, y que muestra una amplia distribución, afectando predominantemente a extremidades y tronco. Los hallazgos histológicos revelan la presencia de 2 o más componentes celulares diferentes originados en la vaina del nervio periférico con una proporción variable de neurofibroma, schwannoma y perineuroma. Describimos el caso de un paciente varón de 65 años de edad con un nódulo no doloroso en el quinto dedo de mano izquierda, que presenta componentes de neurofibroma y perineuroma. Describimos los hallazgos histológicos e inmunohistoquímicos reportados en la literatura más reciente acerca de este tumor peculiar y poco reconocido (AU)


Hybrid peripheral nerve sheath tumour is a rare mesenchymal benign neoplasm recently included in the WHO classification of soft tissue tumours. It has a wide distribution but predominantly affects limbs and trunk. Histological findings reveal the presence of 2 or more cellular components originating in the peripheral nerve sheath with variable proportions of neurofibroma, schwannoma and perineurioma. We report a case of a 65-year-old male with a painless nodule in the 5th finger of his left hand which showed microscopic features of neurofibroma and perineurioma. We review the histological and immunohistochemical findings of this unusual, and often over-looked, tumour in the recent literature (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Neoplasias de Bainha Neural/patologia , Neurofibroma/patologia , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/patologia , Mucina-1/análise , Proteínas Facilitadoras de Transporte de Glucose/análise , Técnicas de Preparação Histocitológica/métodos , Dedos/patologia
3.
Rev. esp. patol ; 48(4): 231-235, oct.-dic. 2015. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-143514

RESUMO

La cascada de señalización intracelular RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK es una de las vías moleculares más frecuentes en la oncogénesis, actuando fundamentalmente a través de mutaciones somáticas. La mutación conductora de BRAFV600E se ha descrito entre otros en melanoma, carcinoma colorrectal, carcinoma pulmonar y carcinoma papilar de tiroides. En el 90% de los adenomas metanéfricos se encuentra presente dicha mutación. Se ha sugerido que el desarrollo de estos tumores podría estar ligado al túbulo proximal del riñón fetal o a restos nefrogénicos, los cuales son supuestos precursores del tumor de Wilms. En este artículo breve presentamos un caso de restos nefrogénicos perilobares hiperplásicos activos asociados a un adenoma metanéfrico mostrando ambas lesiones la mutación BRAFV600E estudiada por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (AU)


The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK intracellular signaling cascade is one of the most ubiquitous molecular pathways through which human neoplasms arise. Alterations in BRAFV600E work as well-recognized oncogenic driver mutations in melanoma, colorectal, lung and thyroid papillary carcinoma. BRAFV600E mutations have also been reported in the 90% of metanephric adenomas. It has been suggested that the development of the latter could be related to the developing proximal tubule of the foetal kidney or nephrogenic rests, which are supposed to be putative precursors of Wilms tumour. We report a case of synchronous active hyperplastic perilobar nephrogenic rests and metanephric adenoma harbouring a BRAFV600E mutation confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação/fisiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Tumor de Wilms/diagnóstico , Tumor de Wilms/patologia , Patologia/instrumentação , Patologia/métodos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf , Rim/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão , Adenoma Oxífilo/patologia
4.
Rev. esp. patol ; 48(2): 103-108, abr.-jun. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-136266

RESUMO

En los últimos años el campo de la uropatología ha sufrido grandes avances en el conocimiento de los tumores epiteliales renales con un creciente interés centrado en la definición y caracterización de las lesiones precursoras del carcinoma de células renales. La presencia de dichas lesiones se ha asociado en ocasiones a riñones en fase terminal con enfermedad renal quística adquirida. Así mismo se ha descrito recientemente la coexistencia de hemangiomas anastomosantes en dicho contexto. Presentamos un caso de riñón en fase terminal por nefropatía lúpica en hemodiálisis con presencia de múltiples hemangiomas anastomosantes, enfermedad renal quística adquirida y lesiones precursoras de carcinoma de células renales, realizando una revisión de las características clínicas, histológicas e inmunohistoquímicas de las mismas (AU)


Over the last few years remarkable progress has been made in the field of uropathology. Epithelial renal tumours have been a subject of debate with special interest in the definition and characterization of its precursors lesions. Its presence has been associated with end-stage kidney disease due to acquired cystic kidney disease. Moreover, recently the coexistence of anastomosing hemangiomas has been reported in this context. We report a case of end-stage kidney disease due to lupus nephritis in haemodialysis with the presence of multiple anastomosing haemangiomas, acquired cystic renal disease and precursor lesions of renal cell carcinoma and discuss its clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Doenças Renais Policísticas/complicações , Hemangioma/etiologia , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Hematúria/etiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Diálise Renal , Nefrectomia
8.
Rev. esp. patol ; 47(4): 223-226, oct.-dic. 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-128034

RESUMO

El angiofibroma de células gigantes es una neoplasia mesenquimal benigna poco habitual descrita inicialmente en la órbita y con publicaciones posteriores en otras localizaciones menos frecuentes. En este sentido, la ubicación en la cavidad oral es muy poco habitual. Los hallazgos histológicos son los de una proliferación de células fusiformes dispuestas en un estroma fibromixoide sin patrón definido y con la presencia característica de células gigantes multinucleadas, en ocasiones dispuestas en torno a espacios pseudovasculares. Aportamos un nuevo caso de esta entidad en la cavidad oral y describimos los datos histológicos, inmunohistoquímicos y moleculares reseñados en la bibliografía más reciente (AU)


Giant cell angiofibroma is a rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm originally described in the ocular orbit. Since then, it has been reported in several less frequent extraorbitary locations, including the oral cavity. Histologically the tumour is composed of a disorganized proliferation of spindle cells in a fibromyxoidstroma with giant multinucleated cells around pseudovascular spaces. We report a new case of this entity in the oral cavity together with an up-to-date review of the histological, immunohistochemical and molecular features reported in the literature (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Angiofibroma/diagnóstico , Angiofibroma/patologia , Tumores de Células Gigantes/complicações , Tumores de Células Gigantes/diagnóstico , Tumores de Células Gigantes/patologia , Condrossarcoma Mesenquimal/patologia , Boca/citologia , Boca/patologia , Tumores Fibrosos Solitários/complicações , Tumores Fibrosos Solitários/diagnóstico , Tumores Fibrosos Solitários/patologia , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Imuno-Histoquímica
10.
Pathol Oncol Res ; 17(3): 455-61, 2011 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21279555

RESUMO

Recurrent or metastatic GISTs are currently treated with kinase inhibitors since they achieves disease control in 70-85% of patients but this response depend on KIT and PDGFRA gene mutation status. We review the morfological and molecular findings associated to kinase inhibitors administration in GISTs based on the literature on Medline and authors' own experience. The initial response to kinase inhibitors (imatinib mesylate, Gleevec, Novartis) usually is partial and depend on the mutational KIT or PDGFRA state. Amongst patients wih KIT mutations, the best results are achived in those harboring exon 11 (85%) and exon 9 (45%) mutations. GISTs harboring PDGFRA gene mutations generally respond favorably except those involving the Asp842Val mutation. In the absence of KIT/PDGFRA gene mutations, partial response or disease stabilization is reported in 23% and 50% of patients, respectively, and disease progression in 19%. Histological examination of tumors displaying an initial response to imatinib reveals a highly-variable reduction in the number of tumor cells, a decline in the proliferative index, myxohyaline or sclerohyaline stroma, and a varying degree of bleeding and edema, necrosis and cystification. 72% of patients with initial good response to imatinib, display metastases or new nodule growth within an existing clinically-quiescent tumor after 12-36 months of treatment. This secondary resistance is characterized by a number of well-defined morphological and molecular changes. Histologically, the new growths display increased mitotic activity, pleomorphism, an epithelioid or mixed phenotype and persistent KIT expression although more rarely, dedifferentiation and loss of KIT expression (Fig. 4), as well as trans-differentiation into a rhabdomyosarcoma or epithelial phenotype has been reported. Molecularly, 46-67% of patients present additional KIT mutations, generally in the kinase domain (exons 13, 14 and 17) but also in the ATP-binding domain (exons 15,16) of the same allele. Secondary PDGFRA mutations are very rare. Secondary mutations have not been observed in GISTs not harboring KIT/PDGFRA mutations, or in tumors displaying an unusual morphology or loss of CD117 expression. A number of studies highlight the presence of different resistance mutations within different new tumor nodules, as well as the simultaneous development of distinct resistant tumor subclones within a single lesion (acquired polyclonal resistance). Secondary mutation in genes other than KIT/PDGFRA has only been reported in BRAF (Val600Glu).


Assuntos
Tumores do Estroma Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Tumores do Estroma Gastrointestinal/patologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Quinases/química , Proteínas Quinases/metabolismo , Animais , Tumores do Estroma Gastrointestinal/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas
11.
Rev. esp. patol ; 43(1): 16-23, ene.-mar. 2010. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-79242

RESUMO

Los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal (GIST) son las neoplasias mesenquimales más comunes del tubo digestivo y representan uno de los mejores modelos de tratamiento farmacológico dirigido a dianas moleculares específicas. En general, el diagnóstico morfológico no plantea mayores problemas debido a que el cuadro histológico (celularidad fusiformes y/o epiteliode) e inmunohistoquímico (expresión de CD117, CD34 y, más eventualmente, de actina de músculo liso, desmina e incluso proteína S-100) suele ser bastante característico. No obstante, en el 5–10% de los casos la histología y los resultados inmunohistoquímicos no son los esperados y el diagnóstico debe descansar en la demostración mediante técnicas de biología molecular de mutaciones en KIT o PDGFRA, ya que el diagnóstico correcto es requisito necesario para la aplicación de la terapia específica. En el presente artículo llevamos a cabo una revisión sobre los avances acontecidos en 5 aspectos fundamentales sobre la biología y diagnóstico de estas neoplasias: nuevos marcadores inmunohistoquímico, factores pronósticos, biología molecular, síndromes clínicos asociados y respuesta tisular a los inhibidores de tirosin quinasa(AU)


Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the intestinal tract and are one of the best models for treatment with molecular target therapy. Morphological diagnosis does not usually present many problems due to the presence fusiform and/or epitheliod cells together with the characteristic immunohistochemical expression of CD117, CD34 and, less frequently, smooth muscle actin, desmin and even S-100 protein. However, unexpected histological and immunohistochemical results are found in 5 to 10% of cases. In such unusual cases, molecular biology is needed to demonstrate c-KIT or PDGFRA mutations in order to make a correct diagnosis, which is a necessary prerequisite for molecular target therapy. The present article reviews recent advances in five fundamental biological and diagnostic aspects of GIST: new immunohistochemical markers, prognostic factors, molecular biology, associated clinical syndromes and tissue response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Tumores do Estroma Gastrointestinal/epidemiologia , Tumores do Estroma Gastrointestinal/patologia , Biologia Molecular/métodos , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit/isolamento & purificação , Proteína Quinase C/isolamento & purificação , Citogenética/métodos , Análise Citogenética , Tumores do Estroma Gastrointestinal/complicações , Tumores do Estroma Gastrointestinal/microbiologia , Tumores do Estroma Gastrointestinal/fisiopatologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit/análise , Prognóstico
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